Aim High 4 Unit 3 Exercises: Motivation

VOCABULARY
Yes, we can!
Match the highlighted words in the text with the definitions below. Page(23)

1.	Having more energy than normal and unable to keep quiet or still.
2.	To destroy something completely.
3.	The type of family and social class you come from and the education and experience you have.
4.	Able to do many different things well.
5.	The money you pay for professional advice or services from doctors, lawyers, schools, universities, etc.
6.	To meet and spend time with friends.
7.	A machine that is used for forcing a gas or liquid in a particular direction.
8.	People who come from the same country as you.
9.	Considered normal and used or accepted by most people
10.	Causing a feeling of admiration and respect because of the importance, size, quality, etc. of something.
11.	Succeeding in dealing with a problem.
12.	Was very noticeable.
13.	The state of being awake and knowing what is happening around you.
14.	Thought to be the best.
15.	Changed completely.

a	fees
b	background
c	impressive
d	consciousness
e	stood out
f	pump
g	mainstream
h	all-around
i	socialise
j	compatriots
k	elite
l	overcoming
m	transformed
n	shatter
o	hyperactive

Yes, we can!
ACTIVATE
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the words from the box. Page (24)

impressive   ·  fees   ·  elite   ·  transform   ·  socialise   ·  overcome   ·  pump   ·  mainstream   ·  compatriot   ·  hyperactive   ·  stood out   ·  consciousness   ·  background   ·  shattered   ·  all-around  

1.	Diana's parents are extremely rich. Her educational is also excellent. She got two very good degrees from an university.
2.	The is broken and we can't get any water up from the well. Better access to water would our village.
3.	children need to be outdoors where they can use up all their energy.
4.	David is an sportsman but he is best at athletics. He was very last week when he won the 100-metre race.
5.	The fact that my lawyer was my didn't help. We actually came from the same region but the he charged were still extremely high.
6.	He was very famous and as an excellent comedy actor in Hollywood films in the 1950s, but he also acted in less well known theatre plays
7.	He lost in a car accident but he soon recovered it. However, he was in hospital for a long time and didn't his fear of driving for a year.
8.	I prefer not to with the people I work with. I usually go out with old school friends.
9.	His poor exam results his dreams of going to university.

EXTEND
Motivation
Check the meaning of the words in the box. Complete the text with the correct form of the words. Page (24)

inspired   ·  ambitious   ·  incentive   ·  motivation   ·  achieve   ·  persevere   ·  stimulate  

I think I've got a high level of and people say I'm an person. However, money isn't really an I don't want to work just for money; it must be boring. No, I'd like to something that needs talent, such as writing a book. Many great writers have me and they make me feel that I could do something like that, too. My imagination was first awoken by the stories my father used to tell me and I think that if our parents our minds when we are young then we'll want to do things later. But of course, interest isn't enough. To be successful you need to and keep on trying even when things don't go well.

Phrasal verbs: success and failure.
Complete the dictionary entries and example sentences with the correct forms of the phrasal verbs. Page (24)

fell through   ·  fall through   ·  pay off   ·  build on   ·  pulled off   ·  paid off   ·  keep up   ·  pull off  

1.	lose out to be at a disadvantage: We lost out because our parents couldn't send us to school.
2.	to fail or not happen: The deal because they didn't have enough money.
3.	to be successful: All his hard work when he won the race.
4.	to use sth as a base from which you can make further progress: You must
5.	your first successful experience and increase your business,
6.	to succeed in something difficult: She a surprising victory.
7.	to move at the same speed as sb: If I want to pass my exams, I must with the good students.

First aid
Match the words with the pictures. Page (24)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Grammar
Modals: advice, obligation and prohibition
EXPLORE
Read the advice on self-motivation. Do you do any of the things that are recommended? Page (25)

How To Motivate Yourself

When a teacher tells his students that they have to do homework, they are sometimes motivated by external factors such as punishment. However, the experts say we ought to be motivated by our own desire to do well because this is the best form of motivation. But how? Read the following tips! BE POSITIVE. You must focus on the positive things you have done. List them and you'll be surprised how many there are! Of course, you mustn 't forget your mistakes. You should try to learn from them. HAVE AN OBJECTIVE. Objectives don't have to be big to be effective. Completing small objectives gives you a sense of achievement and you'll be ready for bigger challenges. MAKE A PLAN. To achieve goals you need to prepare a plan. A plan is really a set of smaller objectives. It needn't be very long but it will help you to move in the right direction.

EXPLOIT
Rewrite the sentences with modal verbs so that they have the same meaning. Page (25)

It's necessary to wear a uniform at my school.
(1)
It would be a good idea to say sorry to her.
(2)
It's not necessary to study because you're on holiday.
(3)
It would be a good idea to go to the doctor's.
(4)
Always wear smart clothes when you go to an interview.
(5)
It's not necessary to give me the money until Friday.
(6)
Don't talk when you're in the library.
(7)
It's necessary for you to arrive on time tomorrow.
(8)

LEARN THIS

must and have to Must and have to are both used to express obligation. When we decide an obligation for ourselves, we usually use must. I must study this weekend if I want to pass the exam. We must visit our grandfather. He hasn't been well. When the obligation comes from other people or organizations, then we often use have to: The teacher said we have to do an exam this afternoon. Motorcyclists have to wear a helmet.

Complete the sentences with the correct forms of have to or must. Page (25)

have to(2)   ·  has to   ·  must(3)  

1.	We're going to China next month but first we get a visa from the embassy to enter the country.
2.	I get fit if I want to run in next year's marathon.
3.	Cars can't turn right here. You go straight on.
4.	Dad doesn't like his job. He work late every night.
5.	I really stop eating cake. It's bad for my teeth.
6.	We clean the car this weekend. It's filthy!

LOOK OUT!

mustn't and don't have to Although must and have to refer to obligation, mustn't and don't have to are very different in meaning. You mustn't speak when the headmaster is here. = It is prohibited. You are not allowed to do it. You don't have to speak at the meeting. = It is not necessary to do it. You can if you want to.

Complete the sentences with the correct forms of mustn't and don't have to. Page (25)

mustn't(3)   ·  don't have to(3)  

1.	There's lots of time before class. We go yet.
2.	I'm sorry, but you eat in the classroom. You can't eat in school buildings.
3.	Mum, you cook lunch. I've already done it.
4.	I can clean the car alone. You help me.
5.	Children, you tell lies! You must always tell the truth!
6.	It's a secret. You tell anyone else.

SKILLS
Teen speakers
VOCABULARY
School Council
Match the words with the items in the picture. Page (26)

spotlight   ·  banner   ·  lectern   ·  microphone   ·  speaker   ·  projector screen   ·  stage   ·  flipchart  

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Complete the text with the words from exercise 1. Page (26)

speaker   ·  flipchart   ·  projector screen   ·  stage   ·  spotlight   ·  banner   ·  lecturn   ·  microphone  

Unfortunately the presentation was a disaster. The message on our was spelled incorrectly, which gave a terrible impression before we even started! Then Tom, our main , was ill so I had to do all of the talking. Unfortunately, the

didn't work so I had to shout so people could hear me. And some people couldn't see me because I didn't have a to stand on. Nor could they see the I was writing notes on. At least I had a

to put my papers on, but I couldn't read them very well because the was shining straight into my eyes. The only good thing was the short film that I showed on the . At least everybody could see and hear that!

GRAMMAR
Speculating: present and past
EXPLORE
Read and listen to the dialogue. How do you think the boys feel at the end? Page 27

Steve: Oh no! It's six o'clock! The match must have started and we're still shopping!

Mark: There might be a TV shop in this shopping centre!

Steve:. There is one! Over there! And there are lots of TVs in the window showing a football match! It could be Chelsea versus Liverpool. Come on!

Mark: It is Chelsea and Liverpool! Great! But what's the score? I can't hear anything out here.

Steve: I think Chelsea might have scored. Their supporters seem very happy.

Mark: No, Chelsea can't have scored. Their manager looks really angry!

Steve: He always looks angry! That's how he motivates the players! In fact he may be about to change someone.

Mark: No, he can't be He wouldn't change a winning team.

Steve: But we don't know if they're... Hey! What's happened? All the TVs have gone off!

Mark: It must be closing time! Quick! If we catch the next bus we'll see the last five minutes at home!

LEARN THIS!

We use the modal verbs must, could, may, might and can't with the infinitive of the verb to be to speculate about the present: Dad must be at his office. Ann could be at her friend's house. We use the modal verbs must, could, may, might and can't with have and the past participle of the verb to speculate about the past: David might have missed the train. They can't have been in Paris last week.

EXPLOIT
Complete the sentences with a correct present or past modal form. Page (27)

1.	My dad has taken an umbrella so it raining. (possible)
2.	Tom played basketball in the NBA for five years so he good. (certain)
3.	They're blond and they're speaking Russian so they Syrians. (impossible)
4.	He didn't study very hard for the exam but he passed so he lucky. (possible)
5.	He works hard and he's got a clear objective so he highly-motivated. (certain)
6.	The audience at the conference booed, so it a success! (impossible)
7.	They're carrying lots of books so they students. (possible)
8.	A huge number of people attended the Queen's funeral so she popular. (certain)

Rewrite the sentences using must, can't and might. Page (27)

I'm sure I left my keys at home.
(1)
He's wearing a suit and carrying a gun. I think he's a policeman.
(2)
Sara passed all her exams. I'm sure she studied hard.
(3)
I'm not sure, but I think it's Mike on the phone for you.
(4)
I'm sure he's French.
(5)
I'm certain he didn't give me the money.
(6)

LOOK OUT!

Although we use can't for speculating, we don't use can. When we talk about what we think is possible we use could, may and might. He missed the train. He can't be home already. He caught the train. He could be home already.

WRITING
An anecdote READ
Read the anecdote. How did the grandmother's advice affect the writer? Page (28)

The right attitude!

Walking home from school the other day, I started thinking about all the homework I had to do. I must have had at least three hours work ahead of me, and I wasn't looking forward to it. When I finally walked through the front door, I had put myself into a very bad mood.

However, I found my grandmother sitting in our kitchen and I soon brightened up. She had decided to make a surprise visit and we quickly started chatting about family gossip. It wasn't long though before I remembered my homework and, with a sad look on my face, I explained that I had to go off to my bedroom to study. I stood up to leave the kitchen like someone being sent off to prison.

Before I could leave, my grandmother angrily called me back. What's all this about?' she asked. You should change your attitude! Homework is a chance to learn, not a punishment!

She then told me all about her childhood. School had been out of the question as she had had to work from dawn to dusk helping on the family farm. Education had been just a dream. Leaving the kitchen, I realised how hard life must have been for my grandmother and how lucky I was that I didn't have to go out to work!

PREPARE
Writing tip: using present participles Page (28)

We sometimes use present participles to replace sentences that begin with while, when, as, since and because. We can only use this structure when the two subjects in the original sentence refer to the same person or thing: While I was walking home from school the other day, I started thinking about all the homework I had to do. Walking home from school the other day, I started thinking about all the homework I had to do. If a sentence has two different subjects we can't begin it with a present participle. When John arrived in the classroom, Bob told him the news.

Read the Writing tip. Rewrite the sentences using present participles. Two of the sentences can't be changed. Page (28)

Because I disagreed with team tactics, I had to speak to the captain.
(1)
While she was swimming in the pool, she hurt her foot.
(2)
When the speaker finished, I congratulated her.
(3)
Because I trained hard, I got back on the team.
(4)
Since we were living in London for six months, we had a chance to practise our English.
(5) Living in London for six months, we had a chance to practise
our English.]
As he doesn't come to training, the coach wants him to leave the team.
(6)
7 When he finished the race, he quickly drank a bottle of water.
(7)
While I cooked lunch, I listened to the radio.
(8)

REVIEW
Motivation
Language Skills
Complete the dialogue with the words from the box. Then listen and check your answers. Page (29)

lose out   ·  socializing   ·  consciousness   ·  been   ·  crutches   ·  plaster cast   ·  shattered   ·  keep up   ·  have   ·  wheelchair  

Alice Hi Jane. Oh... what have you done?

Jane I've broken my leg - badly! I'm going to be wearing this and moving around on for three months.

Alice Three months! Oh, I'm sorry. How did it happen?

Jane I fell off my bicycle! I was trying to with my sister when we were going downhill. I lost control and hit a wall. I lost and the next thing I remember was waking up in hospital!

Alice How awful! It must have terrible.

Jane Well, I'm OK now except for my leg. I've the bone. I'll to do a lot of training to make it strong again when the plaster cast comes off.

Alice And what about school?

Jane I'll have a next week so I'll be able to go to school in that. I'll only have missed three weeks so shouldn't too much.

Alice I'll push you to school if you like.

Jane Thanks. I'm looking forward to going back to school and with my school friends again! I've had enough of talking to doctors and nurses for a while!

Decide if the sentences are true or false. Write "T" for True and "F" for False. Correct the false sentences. Page (29)

1.	Jane isn't going to be walking normally for three months.
2.	Jane was behind her sister when they were cycling.
3.	Jane remembers going to the hospital.
4.	Jane's leg will be weak when they take the plaster off.
5.	Alice will help Jane go to school.
6.	Jane wants to go back to hospital.

Choose the best answer for each sentence. Page (29)

1.	Where's Dara? Perhaps she's outside or she might / can't be in the canteen.
2.	If I really want to get the job, it depends on me! I have to / must prepare for the interview very carefully!
3.	They're not at home. I've knocked on the door and rung the bell. They must / may have gone out.
4.	"Why wasn't Ahmed at training last night?' 'I'm not sure. He could have been / could be ill.
5.	No, you don't have to / mustn't phone Amy. She's meeting us in five minutes.
6.	"I've got a terrible toothache. You may / ought to go to the dentist.
7.	Dave hasn't got any money so he can't / must be shopping now.
8.	My dad's said that I can use his car but first I have to / could pass my driving test.

English words of Greek origin
Complete the dictionary entries and example sentences with these nouns. Pag (29)

1.	analysis : The careful examination of the different parts or details of something. The of the water has shown that it is safe to drink.
2.	:plural form: the standards that you use when you make a decision: What were the for choosing the Seven Wonders of the World?
3.	:Keeping yourself and things around you clean. High standards of are essential in hospitals.
4.	:A very strong fear that you cannot explain: I've got a terrible about flying.
5.	:A situation when you have to make a difficult choice. He faces a because he's been offered two jobs and he likes both of them.
6.	:Medicine which is used for curing infections: The doctor gave me an for my chest infection.